Test serp features history ahrefs. So we have all the keywords we rank for. Test serp features history ahrefs

 
 So we have all the keywords we rank forTest serp features history ahrefs  This could include competitor analysis, analyzing SERP features, intent, or other tasks

Serpstat provides insights into the search engine results page (SERP) features that appear for specific keywords. Ahrefs Pricing Ahrefs is available for slightly less than Semrush at a starting price of $83 per month paid annually. Ahrefs identifies and analyzes contents that are top performers in your niche. Click on the SERP features filter. Compared to Semrush’s keyword tool, Ahrefs lacks the more complex tools and insights, and isn’t as accurate as Semrush. Generating fresh content ideas. SERP features - Identify the number of SERP features the site appears in. You can use the "Target only" toggle to. Google Search Console. 5 billion keywords in its Google USA database. For example, the pattern /b [aeiou]t/ will find words like “bat, bet, bit, bot, but” on a page. 0 report. It features data straight from Google, so many SEOs believe it’s the most accurate source for some metrics, such as. See the. Opportunity to track lot’s of SERP features including Local Pack tracking; Intuitive reports that allow you to change which pages and keywords are being tracked; Identify pages on your site that may be competing with each other using the Cannibalization report (NEW Feature). 2. There’s one other thing that may steal those precious clicks away from you: Google Ads. Surfer SEO Features. 9. The paid results (ads) appear at the top and bottom of the SERP and are intended to attract more searchers’ attention. Completely free (but you get more out of it if you use Google Ads) Ahrefs Free SEO Tools. You can also use the SERP features tab to see your site’s rankings in places like featured snippets and knowledge graphs. Use the interactive graph to see how traffic has progressed both globally and locally in 171 countries. When you create a free account, you can check the search engine results for ten keywords daily. Start your SEMrush trial today! Ahrefs Keyword research. Here’s how you can see these opportunities: Go to Ahrefs’ Competitive Analysis tool. Screenshot taken from Page Explorer in Ahrefs’ Site Audit. While Serpstat offers a 7-day free trial to access its premium features, Ahrefs offers free access to Ahrefs Webmasters Tools (AWT). We use it for everything SEO-related. Go to the Organic keywords report. For all other types of businesses, there is a 20% discount on the annual subscription. Step 3: Add a New Project Once you’re logged into your Ahrefs account, follow these steps to set up a new project: SERP Checker includes "SERP position history", which lets you see historical rankings of the current top 5 pages. But we’ll focus only on what’s truly impactful here. 95 per month. The other is the SERP Trends function offering insights into how different queries change over time. By Helen and 3 others 4 authors 7 articles. See what this tool can do by. market (more about our data). Hit “Audit” next to your URL: You’ll see the SEO metrics for your page and how it compares to the keyword you want to target. AhrefsOur free Mobile SERP checker lets you test search results from anywhere in the world, and paid subscribers can even archive test results, to get monthly, weekly or daily mobile screen captures of real SERPs from anywhere in the world. 1. This knowledge helps you tailor your content and optimize for enhanced visibility in search results. Ahrefs Enterprise has been around for a while now, and we’ve greatly expanded our capabilities in three core areas: Pinpointing actions with the highest impact on your website’s performance. The higher tiers give you a full history. Site Explorer’s Overview 2. Our SERP checker tool tells you where they rank the best. Use Ahrefs’ Keywords Explorer. Related terms: New keywords based on similar terms to the ones you entered. Semrush offers a 16% discount if you pay in advance for a year. Which is why the new Ahrefs’ Rank Tracker tool keeps an eye on 12 different types of SERP features and shows all changes on this cool graph: As of today, we keep an eye on the following SERP features: Paid search results (top & bottom); Knowledge panel; Knowledge card; Uniquely, Ahrefs has its own features within Rank Tracker to take ranking performance to the next level. Ahrefs Webmaster Tools (AWT) can help you with various SEO tasks, such as: Keyword Research. Get the list of keywords that a target website or URL ranks for in search. This month we’re introducing the new side-by-side SERP comparison feature, News mode in Content Explorer and more. You can explore the tool and at the same time learn. Source. First lets look through the builder itself to see what options it contains: Token - required field. Create an “optimized” video. Positions: Increases and decreases in rankings across all tracked keywords. 1. Let’s explore the features one by one. GTMetrix: allows you to test and monitor your site speed, including Core Web Vitals. Ahrefs is one of the leading SEO tools that rose to fame because of its unbeatable backlink analysis tool. 8/5 (278 reviews) Most reviews commend the accuracy of data obtained from Ahrefs and its backlink analysis features while a few others complain about the steep monthly subscription price of the tool. Last, the Position metric displays how your keyword ranking positions have changed. In fact, only 2. To collapse either chart, click on the caret in the upper right. Go to On Page SEO Checker. Keywords Explorer helps you determine how hard it would be to rank in the top 10 search results for a given keyword. Ahrefs Key Features. So we have all the keywords we rank for. The main differences between Serpstat vs Ahrefs are: Serpstat has a limited version that allows you to test the platform for free, whereas Ahrefs requires you to pay $7 for a 7-day trial. Ahrefs is a robust suite of search engine optimization (SEO) tools. [Parent topic - for any keyword that you put into Keywords Explorer 2. Ahrefs empowers you to identify the specific SERP features that dominate the search results for your target keywords. At the time of writing, Google Analytics 4, the successor of Universal Analytics, by default doesn’t show any organic keywords (or the “not provided” token) in the Acquisition report. See SERP features. 6 Billion keyword database will give you even more. Moz Pro. 0. Since it shares the same settings as the Performance chart, changing filters by adding competitors or comparing by year changes the data in both charts. 62 per month. April 8, 2020 9 min read. Out of 178,324,000 keywords where we have SERP data stored in our US database, only 1,623,000 keywords don’t have any SERP features. The SERP features such as — featured snippets, image carousels, reviews, a knowledge panel, etc. Clients can sort through their backlinks, domains, and buzzwords. Hit the “SERP features” tab to see the percentage of SERP features that you currently rank for across all tracked keywords. But thanks to many of you, we’ve come to realize that this update actually caused a decrease in search traffic estimations for many websites. Product Blog. Ahrefs is a user-friendly, powerful solution for marketing professionals of all levels of experience. It’s okay if your first attempts won’t bring great results. Go to Site Explorer. Alright, Ahrefs has a lot of features, so this is going to be a lengthy section of the review. ”. Let’s get right into it. From here, use the date picker to browse historical SERPs. Ahrefs monitors hundreds of millions of keywords in 189 locations, with over 171 million in the US alone. 95 per month. Find rankings for specific keywords using the inbuilt filters and search functionality. For example, Ahrefs has a tool called Content Explorer that helps you find highly-shared content. Semrush. SERP Feature Tracking: Ahrefs tracks 13 SERP features for all the keywords. As you can see in this screenshot, Semrush also gives tags to the keywords — for example, you can see an “I” in blue color in front of a keyword in the above screenshot, which means. Ahrefs is a professional-grade SEO tool with powerful features across everything from keyword management to competitive analysis. 95 to $374. On-page SEO report. To save effort, and given that we have a list of compiled URLs, we can use Express Batch Analysis, a utility that is found in the last section of the Ahrefs general menu, generically called “Tools”. As I’m setting up SEO and content marketing for AllFactors I’ve been testing a bunch of SEO tools and doing SEO tools comparison. It features a big index of keywords and backlink suggestions. And More. Ahrefs provides several reports to help you do backlink analysis. ) 🔸 Structured data (schema) checker 🔸 Broken link checker 🔸 Link highlighter. The software provides advanced search operators. Known ranking factors aside, there’s a lot of “it depends” scenarios in SEO. There are some downsides. Tools. So, you feel pretty easy to make sense of the data as it relates to your SEO business. Ahrefs is an SEO toolset with its own rank tracker. Historical rank tracking 📊. By this point, you should know the type of content that will match user intent and feel good that you can compete with the other sites in the SERP. target_ahrefs_clean_dtypes = target_ahrefs_raw. 95 per month or $99. 1. We create online SEO tools and free educational materials for marketing professionals. SEO audit. It makes sense to buy Sitechecker if you want a low-cost rank tracker for 500-1000 keywords, combined with SEO monitoring & technical site auditing. 8. As it is a comprehensive tool with lots of options, usually experience SEO specialists love using it. Download existing page titles and meta descriptions. What’s My SERP is one of the most well-known SERP checkers (hence, the name), but that’s for a good reason: it rocks. Content gap 2. The same listing that appears for a PAA question for keyword X can also appear for the same question, triggered by a different keyword Y. While limited compared to a paid Ahrefs account, they’re still immensely valuable for anyone who’s. If I had to describe Ahrefs in one word,. Select Featured snippet from the drop-down menu and hit Apply. Our Ahrefs pricing vs SE Ranking pricing comparison showed that this platform doesn’t have a free trial for the premium subscriptions, which we’ll list below: Lite. See what works for your website. This service offers complete SEO analysis for businesses. Let’s get right into it. Type the page’s main keyword into the main search bar. Find low-competition keywords. And present that section inside of the results themselves. The only two free tools you need. SERP. Keyword analysis—search volume, keyword density, click potential, SERP features, competition, and search intent. August 8, 2023 2 min read. So on a Lite plan, you’ll see all live referring domains and be able to explore changes over the last 6 months. Learn how to use Ahrefs' SEO tools and reports to improve SEO and get more organic traffic. By this point, you should know the type of content that will match user intent and feel good that you can compete with the other sites in the SERP. Ahrefs uses its web crawlers to collect ranking data, while Semrush relies on third-party data sources. It may be among the best keyword rank tracking tools for beginners due to its ease of use and clear interface, but as an SEO professional with over 20 years of experience, I find its keyword database limited compared to Ahrefs. The features offered by Ahrefs encompass a wide range of SEO tasks, from keyword research and link building to site auditing and rank tracking. Accuracy – Both tools claim to provide accurate ranking data, but Ahrefs’ data is more reliable. Crawl your website for SEO issues that can hurt your rankings, including: Missing title tags and meta descriptions. Here is a quick summary of everything you can do with Ahrefs: Find the keywords that are most profitable for paid as well as organic search. Allows you to save your SERP preview as an image. Search Engine Optimization Explained. Here are the 11 most common SERP Features that appear in Google. A list of all organic keywords (their volume/traffic/ CPC and rank. A3: “Ahrefs’ KD score is based on a trimmed mean of referring domains pointing to the top 10 ranking pages. . Ahrefs. Informational queries are those that searchers use to gain more knowledge on a topic. txt and sitemaps in Site Audit, there’s a new target filter in Keyword Ideas reports, use cases are now shown in Content Explorer, and lots more. Where Ahrefs excels at keyword research and backlink research, Accuranker takes charge with keyword tracking. Still, it needs to work the content research module because the content is an integral part of any SEO campaign. The SERP Checker tool allows you to analyze the top 10 rankings for any keyword in any country. Ahrefs’ Rank Tracker will help you group keywords by tags to get high-quality data. Research and test SERP features to ensure that your content is relevant to searchers’ intent. Yes—it’s not the most exciting piece of software. NOTE. Sidenote. Step 2. ”. Ahrefs allows you to do keyword and content research, track your position on search engine result pages (SERPs), study overall site performance, conduct. Ubersuggest. 1. Hit the “SERP features” tab to see the percentage of SERP features that you currently rank for across all tracked keywords. If you want to buy an Ahrefs subscription plan, then click on that button; if not, then click on the “Ahrefs Webmaster Tools Account. Here we have explained all the SERP tracking software in detail. Get ranking updates for desktop and mobile. So, the first thing to mention here is that this rank tracking tool has a freemium plan which allows you to. You can also use Ahref’s SERP Checker to see “SERP position history”. com. 1. It’s an all-in-one SEO tool and new features are added every few months. This tool can help in. Generally speaking, ranking for more SERP features means more organic traffic. Set it to a low number, like 10, and you’ll see low-difficulty keywords you can target: The second way is to set a Domain Rating (DR) filter. Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) refer to the pages displayed by a search engine in response to a user’s query. This is a growth hacking tool for SEO agencies, PPC, and content marketers. Clean the dofollow_ref_domains column, which tells us how many ref domains the site. Image via Ahrefs. Choose a page from the list, paste the URL into Ahrefs’ Site Explorer, then go to the Organic Keywords report. Comece hoje mesmo a usar o Gerador de Palavras-Chave da Ahrefs para encontrar ideias de palavras-chave vencedoras. You can estimate the number of keywords the site ranks for, the traffic it generates, and its traffic value. In order to provide support for high-quality content. Fill your content calendar for weeks, months, or even years in minutes. Both tools are free for website owners. Find informational keywords. Understanding where you stand in the current SERP landscape & how your SEO has been affected by it is a crucial. Enter your domain in the Competitors section. Rank Tracker looks at the ranking performance of keywords and compares them with the top rankings for those keywords. 6/5 Pricing: Ahrefs offers a 7-day trial for $7. Use the sidebar to jump to updates for a specific tool. Use Rank Tracker. Let’s take a deeper look at each feature. Enter your target keyword, add your website, and choose your target location. Enterprise: $999 per month. How To Utilize Ahrefs' SERP Checker | Ahrefs TutorialsIf you want to analyze the top 10 ranking of a specific keyword, then definitely use Ahrefs' SERP Check. Just enter up to ten words or phrases and choose from one of six keyword ideas reports. Ranking History – You can see the ranking history of any keyword used on any. It has a slick and easy-to-use UI. Ahrefs keyword tools offer fewer features, as the keyword research tool consists of two main features: Keyword Explorer. Domain Comparison. Advertisers may steal your clicks. 2. There's a 7-day free trial available. The platform lets you conduct targeted keyword searches. market (more about our data). Let’s get right into it. Ahrefs will start tracking data and will send you regular updates. Google personalizes search results based on factors such as your location, language, and search history. domains 2. This new chart shows you the organic keywords ranking history for your target. On-page SEO checker. Generate the code. Ahrefs; 22. Check the sitemap: Your website's sitemap will list all of. Google is answering more and more queries in SERP features, and there’s no need to click a result when the answer’s right there. Try the free version of Ahrefs’ traffic checker. At one time, Moz Pro was a leading SEO and research tool but the features haven’t kept up with the higher demand. Google SERP Snippet Optimization Tool features ⚙️. 2. com. Ahrefs is a well know tool worldwide and is used by hundreds of thousands of users worldwide including the giants like Netflix, UBER, Linked In, Adobe, Facebook Etc. 1. a3 Lazy Load. Top pages shows you a list of pages on. With AWT, you get basic site audit, keyword research, and backlink analysis features. Check traffic. That said, Ahrefs is also one of the top Moz alternatives for keyword research, technical site audits and competitor content analysis. Ahrefs Features List:Check your website’s ranking position in SERP features like featured snippets, Sitelinks, Top stories, etc. 1. See if the top-ranking pages, excluding the first result, talk about the keyword instead of the Parent Topic. Includes keyword research for YouTube, Amazon, and Bing. Then check the filter “SERP features: where target doesn’t rank for. It quickly gives essential CPC details, monthly search volume, and competitive data. The Ahrefs Rank Tracker is simpler to use. We also show you the. As the name suggests, the mode shows the yearly performance of your target website in terms of its traffic, backlinks, or indexed pages. Ahrefs Webmaster Tools is an option you can try for free after confirming site ownership. Select “Any word. Select it and our system will show you all the keywords. Let’s get right into it. Here’s a rundown of all the features that What’s My SERP gives you for free: 100 Google search engine results per keyword. Serpstat On-page SEO report, broken link checker, redirect tracer, and country changer for search results in one extension. The first way is to set a Keyword difficulty (KD) filter. The SEO Pro Extension is a free tool for Chrome that offers the following: Basic information like title tag, meta description, URL, meta robots, and Google core web vitals. The Lite plan gets you 6 months history, and the Standard plan gets you 24 months. 7. offers multiple tools including Rank Tracker, in four packages pegged at four price levels:. 1:37. The Ahrefs SEO Toolbar is a versatile free multi-tool for SEO professionals and webmasters, encompassing a range of valuable features such as: 🔸 On-page SEO report (meta tags, word count, etc. Ahrefs’ SERP ranking tools are well organized, and it’s easy to get quick insights on a SERP. Video preview – For search results with a video thumbnail next to them. It also has the edge over Ahrefs when it comes to comparison charts, which are convenient for beginners and experts alike. June 1, 2021 9 min read. SEO Site Audit Tools. Explore organic and paid traffic metrics for any website using Site Explorer. com) entire database of pages, domains, and links using search operators. 9/10 (189 reviews) Capterra – 4. Based on their historical ranking patterns, you can guess whether the search engine is satisfied with the SERP and won't let anything new in, or if it'll be happy to promote other relevant pages to the top to see what happens. Let’s say you need the “Featured snippet” option. SEO Pro Extension. And SEMrush has an excellent SEO site audit tool and a giant suite of features to help with PPC campaigns. ”. Here are more features that make Ahrefs’ Backlink Checker special: See followed and nofollowed links — The more quality followed backlinks a site has, the more trustworthy it is in the eyes of Google. If you see multiple competitors ranking for a keyword, then that’s a sign that it might also make sense for you to pursue that keyword. There are two ways to find low-competition keywords in Keywords Explorer. Last year we increased organic traffic to our website by 250%. Throughout the trial, you’ll have access to all of Ahrefs’ paid features. Enter your target keyword, add your website, and choose your target location. A small team passionate about technology and SEO. Ahrefs all-in-one SEO toolset can help users with: Competitor research: unveil competitor's organic keywords, backlink strategies and PPC keywords. When it comes to keyword research, all three tools offer powerful features to help you find relevant keywords. Serpstat. It’s quite possible that some of the lesser-known, more specialized SEO tools have one or more of these features. There are two ways to find low-competition keywords in Keywords Explorer. As you can see in this screenshot, Semrush also gives tags to the keywords — for example, you can see an “I” in blue color in front of a keyword in the above screenshot, which means. Most of the features of Ahrefs are developed keeping end-user benefits in mind. Get a better understanding of your website’s SEO potential with the help of actionable SEO metrics like Search Volume, Keyword Difficulty, and Traffic Value. No free trial is available; Pricing . 它们有付费广告、自然搜索结果和 谷歌知识图谱 。. 3. Find relevant keywords from our database of over 8 billion queries. For verified websites, you'll get an additional 5,000 crawl. 0 shares the same historical data limits we’ve been implementing in all Site Explorer 2. Conduct a SERP Analysis Using Ahrefs. . Semrush. Most useful for conversion optimization on product feature pages and lead generation pages. Keyword Generator: The keyword generator of Ahrefs is one of the best free keyword research tools out there. I like having historical rankings of the current top pages to learn their historical ranking patterns. From the basics like rank tracking to the pro-level backlink insights Ahrefs allows us to be more efficient and more effective SEOs. Know your demographic targets and localize your campaign in the most profitable markets. Content gap tool revamp. Yes, they’re geared towards SEO, but they’re starkly different when you look at the specific features. Depending on your plan, these update every 3, 5, or 7 days. 9%) and Top Stories (15. SERPs stands for Search Enginge Results Pages, so all it is, is a breakdown of who we can expect to see on page one. ) Distribution of the organic positions (of results in each position-bracket). What Are “People Also Ask” Boxes? “People also ask” (PAA) is a Google SERP feature that provides answers to commonly searched questions. This will add the new keywords to the existing list of tracked keywords, and Ahrefs will start reporting on movements for those keywords as well. A company in Denmark owns AccuRanker. CTR – It is incredibly hard to predict the CTR of a page on a SERP. Global/local search. 5. Website owners need to understand how the SERP. Also read: Complete History of Google Algorithm Updates. This is called keyword potential and is a unique Ahrefs feature. The higher up you go in cost, the more features you unlock and the larger number of keywords you can track with the application. Industry-leading SEO API. See how much traffic your competitors are getting. Rank Tracking. It does keyword research, competitor research, backlink analysis, On-Page SEO, SERP analysis, and SEO audits. 3. We think it’s one of the best on the market but we’re clearly biased, so I won’t insult your intelligence by creating a list of the ‘best’ rank trackers with Ahrefs at the top. The screenshot below is from a domain and contains some metrics under the Site Explorer. What’s new at Ahrefs? (Oct 2022) By Rebekah Bek November 16, 2022 3 min read This month we’re introducing the new side-by-side SERP comparison feature, News mode in Content Explorer and more. You can access all the numbers via the Serpstat dashboard. First, we can access data in different structures such as domain, subdomain, URL, and pages under a slug. This is what the STAT SERP features interface looks like: STAT SERP features. You get data on a total of 13 SERP features such as Tweet box, Sitelinks, and Thumbnails. What’s new at Ahrefs? (July 2022) By Rebekah Bek. Ahrefs used to have a straightforward pricing model: if you signed up to Lite, you got featured in Lite. Multiple languages. Featured Snippets. 0 report. All issues are sorted by importance, with straightforward advice on how to fix each one. ) 🔸 Structured data. If it's your first time using it, then you should know that the SEO software suite specializes in keyword research, competitor analysis, and paid advertising campaign optimization. To begin, all you have to do is type in a specific keyword, such as “online marketing strategies. Ahrefs published an article on the topic of unique features: 13 things only Ahrefs can do. Organic Search Results are listings that appear on a search engine result page ( SERP) for a particular user query. Use a crawler tool: Tools such as SEOmator, Ahrefs, SEMrush, and Screaming Frog allow you to crawl your website and see all of the internal links on your site. It’s better to test it on your website. If they appear for your tracked keywords, consider pursuing them. This month we’re introducing the long-awaited Calendar positions report, new historical SERP features in Keywords Explorer, and lots more exciting stuff. B. Refer to the screenshot below to get an idea of the tool. In addition to all these, you can see SERP overviews and position history, save and categorize keywords into different lists, and more. What’s new at Ahrefs? (Oct 2022) By Rebekah Bek. Get the list of keywords that a target website or URL ranks for in search. They provide additional and. AWT packs all the power of Google Webmaster Tools, without the. This can help you identify broken links and fix them, as well as see which pages have the most internal links pointing to them. If people are searching for information surrounding your products (they most likely are), your website should be present in the search results. And the plans stretch to $79/month (annually). 12. If you see a keyword with a significantly different KD than the Parent Topic, click on the SERP button. Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) refer to the pages displayed by a search engine in response to a user’s query. 3:04. Know your demographic targets and localize your campaign in the most profitable markets. It shows the relative strength of a website’s backlink profile on a scale from 0 to 100. SERP features; ranking progress; CPC; return rate; clicks; Search volume; Of course, you can improve your keywords’ position on Google if you regularly monitor their performance and act accordingly. But more often than not, you’ll need some more unique points and headings to align perfectly with the search intent. Thanks for helping you all; we have created a comparison table with explanations and reviews related to all the best 3 SEO Tools features. Typically, they have modifiers like: Enter these modifiers in the “Include” box. 20 per month with a 7-day trial available. Here are four benefits of running SEO tests: 1. Shopping-Anzeigen), besteht das Ziel in den meisten Fällen darin, Informationen in. It is also one of the best DIY SEO tools for you to have. Let’s plug in “latte” into Keywords Explorer and scroll down to the SERP overview. Surfer SEO’s crowning jewel is its content editor, which can work wonders for your on-page optimization. But it’s not all roses and unicorns. SpySERP. Key Observations. We are interested in looking at the. And a couple of updates for Enterprise users – we just released an endpoint for the Matching terms report. Link Building: find the strongest backlink opportunities in a niche. If you want to find keywords that you can potentially rank for quickly, look for newly published pages that already get traffic from Google. Sebagai contoh, Anda memasukkan kata kunci “makanan khas Jawa Timur” di Google, maka yang dimaksud dengan SERP. It looks like this: But that was my own definition. On-SERP SEO Tool: With detailed keyword metrics like search volume and keyword difficulty displayed directly in the SERP, I no longer need a separate on-SERP SEO tool for keyword analysis. You can identify featured snippets, knowledge graphs, local packs, and other elements that can impact your SEO strategy. The final noteworthy feature of Surfer is the SEO Audit tool. There are just too many factors to consider: search intent, ads, SERP features, brand affinity, etc. Ahrefs identifies and analyzes contents that are top performers in your niche. The best part is Ahrefs Rank Tracker helps you easily monitor your Google rankings on desktop and mobile across 170 countries. These also tend to have a significant impact on how people interact with Google’s search results. Answer the query as directly as. Duplicate content. What’s more, you can use the tool as often as you like, so as long as you’re prepared to put in the fingerwork, you can still check 500 keywords. Click the SERP features filter and you’ll see a drop down menu with all kinds of SERP features. Ahrefs offers content for free to its users so that they can learn and apply things at the same time. SEO tools. What’s new at Ahrefs? (April 2023) By Rebekah Bek. While its interface isn't geared for beginners, it's a solid. What Web Explorer does. I won't cover them all, but I'll try to provide an in-depth look at Ahrefs' core features and a helpful cross-section of the rest.